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* This is displayed in statements referring to concepts and facts of science and history, having been unknown or not understood until centuries after the Qur’an was sent down.

* The scientific proof of the Qur’anic miracle is manifested in its indications of:

a) The main notions of modern science such as scientific laws, life cycles, the creatures being in pairs.

b) The nature of the cosmos: its limitlessness, evolution, continuous extension, space travel and its hardships, time relativity, and the nature of the sun and the moon.

Scientific perfection:

Fundamentals:

The laws of science:

Allah says:

]إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَر[
(القمر: 49)

This means: “Surely We created everything by a determined estimate.” (54, Al-Qamar: 49)

Allah says:

]الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَان[
(الرحمن: 5)

This means: “The sun and the moon run on their fixed courses (exactly) calculated with measured out stages for each (for reckoning, etc.)”
(55, Ar-Rahman: 5)

Allah says:

]وَالسَّمَاء رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَان[
(الرحمن: 7)

This means: “And the heaven He has raised high, and He has set up the Balance.” (55, Ar-Rahman: 7)

Life cycles:

Allah says:

]وَتُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّت وَتُخْرِجُ الَمَيَّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَتَرْزُقُ مَن تَشَاء بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ[ (آل عمران: 27)

This means: “You bring the living out of the dead, and You bring the dead out of the living. And You give wealth and sustenance to whom You will, without limit (measure or account).” (3, Al-`Imran: 27)

Creatures are all in pairs:

Allah says:

]وَمِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَا زَوْجَيْنِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُون[
(الذاريات: 49)

This means: “And of everything We have created pairs, that you may remember (the Grace of Allah)” (51, Adh-Dhariyat: 49)

Allah says:

]وَمِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ جَعَلَ فِيهَا زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ[
(الرعد: 3)

This means: “And of every kind of fruits He made Zawjayn Ithnayn (two in pairs.” (13, Ar-Ra`d: 3)

The nature of the universe:

The universe is endless:

Allah says:

] تَعْرُجُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَة[
(المعارج: 3)

This means: “The angels and the Ruh [Jibrael (Gabriel)] ascend to Him in a Day the measure whereof is fifty thousand years.” (70, Al-Ma`arij: 4)

Living creatures of the universe:

Allah says:

]وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِن دَابَّةٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَاء قَدِيرٌ[
(الشورى: 29)

This means: “And among His Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.) is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and whatever moving (living) creatures He has dispersed in them both. And He is All-Potent over their assembling (i.e. resurrecting them on the Day of Resurrection after their death, and dispersion of their bodies) whenever He will.” (42, Ash-Shura: 29)

The development of the universe:

Allah says:

]أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُما[
(الأنبياء: 30)

This means: “Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece, then We parted them?” (21, Al-Anbiya’: 30)

Allah says:

]ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَاء وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلأَرْضِ اِئْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِين[
(فصلت: 11)

This means: “ Thereafter He leveled Himself (How He did so is beyond human understanding) to the heaven (while) it was smoke, then said to it and to the earth, “Come up (you two) willingly (Or: in obedience ) or unwillingly!” They (both) said, “We come up willingly.”” (41, Fussilat: 11)

Space travel:

Allah says:

]يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنسِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَن تَنفُذُوا مِنْ أَقْطَارِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ فَانفُذُوا لا تَنفُذُونَ إِلا بِسُلْطَانٍ[
(الرحمن: 33)

This means: “O assembly of jinns and men! If you have power to pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, then pass (them)! But you will never be able to pass them, except with authority (from Allah)!”
(55, Ar-Rahman: 33)

Allah says:

]يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌ مِّن نَّارٍ وَنُحَاسٌ فَلا تَنتَصِرَانِ[
(الرحمن: 35)

This means: “There will be sent against you both, smokeless flames of fire and smoke, and you will not be able to defend yourselves.”
(55, Ar-Rahman: 35)

Allah says:

]وَأَنَّا لَمَسْنَا السَّمَاء فَوَجَدْنَاهَا مُلِئَتْ حَرَسًا شَدِيدًا وَشُهُبًا[
(الجن: 8)

This means: “And we have sought to reach the heaven; but found it filled with stern guards and flaming fires.” (72, Al-Jinn: 8)

Allah says:

]فَمَن يُرِدِ اللّهُ أَن يَهْدِيَهُ يَشْرَحْ صَدْرَهُ لِلإِسْلاَمِ وَمَن يُرِدْ أَن يُضِلَّهُ يَجْعَلْ صَدْرَهُ ضَيِّقًا حَرَجًا كَأَنَّمَا يَصَّعَّد فِي السَّمَاء كَذَلِكَ يَجْعَلُ اللّهُ الرِّجْسَ عَلَى الَّذِين لاَ يُؤْمِنُون[ (الأنعام: 125)َ

This means: “And whomsoever Allah wills to guide, He opens his breast to Islam, and whomsoever He wills to send astray, He makes his breast closed and constricted, as if he is climbing up to the sky. Thus Allah puts the wrath on those who believe not.” (6, Al-An`am: 125)

Allah says:

]وَلَوْ فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِم بَابًا مِّنَ السَّمَاء فَظَلُّواْ فِيهِ يَعْرُجُون. لَقَالُواْ إِنَّمَا سُكِّرَتْ أَبْصَارُنَا بَلْ نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ مَّسْحُورُونَ[ (الحجر: 14 - 15)

This means: “And even if We opened to them a gate from the heaven and they were to continue ascending thereto. They would surely say: "Our eyes have been (as if) dazzled. Nay, we are a people bewitched. "” (15, Al-Hijr: 14 - 15)

Relativity of time:

Allah says:

]وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَإِنَّ يَوْمًا عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّون[
(الحج: 47)

This means: “And they ask you to hasten on the torment! And Allah fails not His Promise. And verily, a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you reckon.” (22, Al-Hajj: 47)

The nature of the sun and the moon:

Allah says:

]وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا[
(نوح: 16)

This means: “And has made the moon a light therein, and made the sun a lamp?” (71, Nuh: 16)