Chapter 2

The Prophetic Biography

     In this chapter we will use events from the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), to prove that the Holy Qur’an was not created by the Prophet or anybody else during his time. Also, we will show that the role of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) did not exceed the limits of receiving, comprehending, and memorizing the Qur’anic text which was then conveyed, clarified, and interpreted by him. Finally, we will show how he would follow and manage the Qur’anic teachings.

 2/1 The Qur’anic Address to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him):

     The Holy Qur’an repeatedly directed and drew the attention of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to his obligations towards Allah, the revelation, the believers, and the unbelievers. He was also repeatedly exhorted and warned against yielding to the temptations and pressures that were surrounding him. In addition, the Holy Qur’an included admonitions that were directed to the noble Prophet (peace be upon him) in some situations, revealing matters that he would have preferred to keep secret in the depths of his pure soul, far away from the knowledge of the people. It is difficult for a sound mind to imagine that the noble Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) would address himself with the aim of guidance, exhortation, warning, and admonishment, or would reveal things about himself that he would not like other people to know about. Also, it is difficult to believe that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) would, after doing that, convey the Holy Qur’an, which would never be abrogated, deleted, or forgotten, to the people. This is a clear proof that the Holy Qur’an is the word of Allah through which He addressed the human Prophet, who then conveyed the message as it was revealed to him, and truthfully fulfilled the trust.

 ·        Regarding the guidance concerned with receiving the revelation:

]   لا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ * إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْءَانَه * فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْءَانَهُ [

Meaning: Do not move your tongue with it to hasten  with it; Surely upon Us is the gathering of it and its all-evident reading. So when We have read it, then closely follow its all-evident reading. (Surah Al-Qiyamah – Verses Nos. 16 - 18)

  ]فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقِّ وَلاَ تَعْجَلْ بِالْقُرْءَانِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُقْضَى إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُ وَقُلْ رَبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا[

Meaning: And do not hasten with the Qur'an before its revelation is accomplished to you, and say: "Lord! Increase me in knowledge. (Surah Taha – Verse No. 114)

 ]سَنُقْرِئُكَ فلاَ تَنْسَى * إِلاَّ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْجَهْرَ وَمَا يَخْفَى[

Meaning: We will soon make you read so you will not forget, Excepting whatever Allah decides; Surely He knows audible speech and what is concealed. (Surah Al-A`la – Verses Nos. 6 - 7)

  ]وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ وَاصْبِرْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْحَاكِمِينَ[

Meaning: And closely follow what is revealed to you, and (endure) patiently until Allah judges; and He is the Most Charitable of judges (Surah Yunus – Verse No. 109)

  ]وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لاَ يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْءَانٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ قُلْ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِي إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلاَّ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيَّ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ * قُلْ لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا تَلَوْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلاَ أَدْرَاكُمْ بِهِ فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرًا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ أَفلاَ تَعْقِلُونَ[

Meaning: And when Our Supremely evident ayat (signs, verses) are recited to them, the ones who do not hope for meeting Us say, “Come up with a Qur’an other than this or exchange it.” Say, “ In no way (can) I exchange it of my own accord. Decidedly I closely follow (nothing) except what is revealed to me. Surely I fear, in case I disobey my Lord, the torment of a tremendous day.” (Surah Yunus – Verses Nos. 15 - 16)

 ·      Qur’anic exhortations and warnings:

 ]وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَفْتَرِيَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ وَإِذًا لاتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلاً * وَلَوْلاَ أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلاً * إِذًا لأَذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ الْحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ الْمَمَاتِ ثُمَّ لاَ تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا[

Meaning: Verily, they were about to tempt you away from that which We have revealed (the Qur'an) unto you (O Muhammad SAW), to fabricate something other than it against Us, and then they would certainly have taken you a friend! And had We not made you stand firm, you would nearly have inclined to them a little. In that case, We would have made you taste a double portion (of punishment) in this life and a double portion (of punishment) after death. And then you would have found none to help you against Us.(Surah Al-Isra’ – Verses Nos. 73 - 75)

 ] وَكَذَلِكَ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ حُكْمًا عَرَبِيًّا وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلاَ وَاقٍ * وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلًا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَذُرِّيَّةً وَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِآيَةٍ إلاَّ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ لِكُلِّ أَجَلٍ كِتَابٌ[

Meaning: And thus We have sent it down as Arabic judgment. And indeed in case you ever follow their prejudices after what has come to you of knowledge, in no way will you have from Allah a patron, nor a protector. And indeed We have already sent Messengers even before you, and We made for them spouses and offspring; and in way was it for a Messenger to come up with  a sign except with the permission of Allah. Every term has a Book.  (Surah Ar-Ra`d – Verses Nos. 37 - 38)

 ]وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُمْ بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ لَفَاسِقُونَ[

Meaning: So judge between them according to what Allah has sent down, and do not ever follow their prejudices, and beware of them (lest) they tempt you away from some (part) of what Allah has sent down to you. So, in any case if they turn away, then know that Allah Wills only to afflict for some of their guilty deeds; and surely many of mankind are indeed immoral. (Surah Al-Ma’idah – Verse No. 49)

] وَلَئِنْ أَتَيْتَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ بِكُلِّ ءَايَةٍ مَا تَبِعُوا قِبْلَتَكَ وَمَا أَنْتَ بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَتَهُمْ وَمَا بَعْضُهُمْ بِتَابِعٍ قِبْلَةَ بَعْضٍ وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ إِنَّكَ إِذًا لَمِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ[َ

Meaning: And even if you were to bring to the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) all the Ayat (proofs, evidences, signs, etc.), they would not follow your Qiblah (prayer direction), nor are you going to follow their Qiblah (prayer direction). And they will not follow each other's Qiblah (prayer direction). Verily, if you follow their desires after that which you have received of knowledge (from Allah), then indeed you will be one of the Zalimun (polytheists, wrong-doers, etc.). (Surah Al-Baqarah – Verse No. 145)

 ] وَلَنْ تَرْضَى عَنْكَ الْيَهُودُ وَلاَ النَّصَارَى حَتَّى تَتَّبِعَ مِلَّتَهُمْ قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى وَلَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلاَ نَصِيرٍ[

Meaning: Never will the Jews nor the Christians be pleased with you (O Muhammad SAW) until you follow their religion. Say: "Verily, the Guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic Monotheism) that is the (only) Guidance. And if you (O Muhammad SAW) were to follow their (Jews and Christians) desires after what you have received of Knowledge (i.e. the Qur'an), then you would have against Allah neither any Wali (protector or guardian) nor any helper. (Surah Al-Baqarah – Verse No. 120)

 ] يَاأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ[

Meaning: O Messenger (Muhammad SAW)! Proclaim (the Message) which has been sent down to you from your Lord. And if you do not, then you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will protect you from mankind. Verily, Allah guides not the people who disbelieve. (Surah Al-Ma’idah – Verse No. 67)

 ] قُلْ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَتَّخِذُ وَلِيًّا فَاطِرِ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأََرْضِ وَهُوَ يُطْعِمُ وَلاَ يُطْعَمُ قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَلاَ تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ[

Meaning: Say (O Muhammad SAW): "Shall I take as a Wali (helper, protector, etc.) any other than Allah, the Creator of the heavens and the earth? And it is He Who feeds but is not fed." Say: "Verily, I am commanded to be the first of those who submit themselves to Allah (as Muslims)." And be not you (O Muhammad SAW) of the Mushrikun [polytheists]. (Surah Al-An`am – Verse No. 14)

 ] أَفَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْتَغِي حَكَمًا وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكِتَابَ مُفَصَّلاً وَالَّذِينَ ءَاتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ مُنَزَّلٌ مِنْ رَبِّكَ بِالْحَقِّ فَلاَ تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِين[َ

Meaning: [Say (O Muhammad SAW)] "Shall I seek a judge other than Allah while it is He Who has sent down unto you the Book (The Qur'an), explained in detail." Those unto whom We gave the Scripture know that it is revealed from your Lord in truth. So be not you of those who doubt. (Surah Al-An`am – Verse No. 114)

  ] فَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ وَمَنْ تَابَ مَعَكَ وَلاَ تَطْغَوْا إِنَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ[

Meaning: So stand you (Muhammad SAW) firm and straight as you are commanded and those who turn in repentance (unto Allah) with you, and transgress not (Allah's legal limits). Verily, He is All-Seer of what you do. (Surah Hud – Verse No. 112)

 ] لاَ تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ أَزْوَاجًا مِنْهُمْ وَلاَ تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ[

Meaning: Look not with your eyes ambitiously at what We have bestowed on certain classes of them, nor grieve over them. And lower your wings for the believers (be courteous to the fellow-believers).    (Surah Al-Hijr – Verse No. 88)

 ] فَاصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ وَلاَ تَكُنْ كَصَاحِبِ الْحُوتِ إِذْ نَادَى وَهُوَ مَكْظُومٌ[

Meaning: So wait with patience for the Decision of your Lord, and be not like the Companion of the Whale, when he cried out (to Us) while he was in deep sorrow. (Surah Al-Qalam – Verse No. 48)

  ] قُلْ إِنِّي لاَ أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلاَ رَشَدًا * قُلْ إِنِّي لَنْ يُجِيرَنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ وَلَنْ أَجِدَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مُلْتَحَدًا[

Meaning: Say: "It is not in my power to cause you harm, or to bring you to the Right Path." Say (O Muhammad SAW): "None can protect me from Allah's punishment (if I were to disobey Him), nor should I find refuge except in Him. (Surah Al-Jinn – Verses Nos. 21 - 22)

 ·        The admonition directed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him):

(1)

]إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ وَلاَ تَكُنْ لِلْخَائِنِينَ خَصِيمًا * وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا * وَلاَ تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا * يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلاَ يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لاَ يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا * هَا أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلاَءِِ جَادَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَمَنْ يُجَادِلُ اللَّهَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمْ مَنْ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ وََكِيلاً[

1- Meaning: Surely, We have sent down to you (O Muhammad SAW) the Book (this Qur'an) in truth that you might judge between men by that which Allah has shown you, so be not a pleader for the treacherous. And seek the Forgiveness of Allah, certainly, Allah is Ever Oft ­Forgiving , Most Merciful. And argue not on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Verily, Allah does not like anyone who is a betrayer of his trust, and indulges in crime. They may hide (their crimes) from men, but they cannot hide (them) from Allah, for He is with them, when they plot by night in words that He does not approve, And Allah ever encompasses what they do. Lo! You are those who have argued for them in the life of this world, but who will argue for them on the Day of Resurrection against Allah, or who will then be their defender? (Surah An-Nisa’ – Verses Nos. 105 - 109)

     These verses were revealed when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was about to come to the defense of oe of Al-Ansar (the Muslim Supporters in Al-Madinah) Tu`mah Ibn Abayriq who stole armor from his neighbor and hid it in a house of a Jew.

 (2)

]عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ لِمَ أَذِنْتَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَاذِبِينَ[

2- Meaning: May Allah forgive you (O Muhammad SAW). Why did you grant them leave, until those who told the truth were seen by you in a clear light, and you had known the liars?” (Surah At-Tawbah – Verse No. 43)

     This verse refers to the permission given by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to some of the hypocrites to remain behind and not to attend the Battle of Tabuk. The following verse was revealed in the same respect, and another example is the subsequent verse:

]لَقَدْ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأََنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ تَابَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّهُ بِهِمْ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ[

Meaning: Allah has forgiven the Prophet (SAW), the Muhajirun (Muslim emigrants who left their homes and came to Al-Madinah) and the Ansar (Muslims of Al-Madinah) who followed him (Muhammad SAW) in the time of distress (Tabuk expedition, etc.), after the hearts of a party of them had nearly deviated (from the Right Path), but He accepted their repentance. Certainly, He is unto them full of Kindness, Most Merciful. (Surah At-Tawbah – Verse No. 117)

 (3)

] مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ[

3- Meaning: It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah's Forgiveness for the Mushrikun (polytheists) even though they be of kin, after it has become clear to them that they are the dwellers of the Fire (because they died in a state of disbelief). (Surah At-Tawbah – Verse No. 113)

     This verse was revealed after the death of Abu Talib, the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked forgiveness for him despite the fact that his uncle had refused to testify that there was no deity worthy of worship but Allah.

 (4)

]وَلاَ تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ مَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حِسَابِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ[

4- Meaning: And turn not away those who invoke their Lord, morning and afternoon seeking His Face. You are accountable for them in nothing, and they are accountable for you in nothing, that you may turn them away, and thus become of the Zalimun (unjust). (Surah Al-An`am – Verse No. 52)

     This verse was revealed concerning a group of weak Muslims. The polytheists said to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), “If you dismissed such people, we would attend your meeting.” The Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted to respond to them with the aim of bringing about their embrace of Islam.

 (5)

]مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الأَرْضِِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الآخِرَةَ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ * لَولاَ كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ[

5- Meaning: In no way can any Prophet have captives until he has subjugated (the enemy) in the earth; you are willing to have the (chance) advantage of the present (life), and  Allah wills the Hereafter; and Allah is Ever-Mighty, Ever-Wise. Had it not been for a prescription that has gone before from Allah, a tremendous torment for what you have taken would have indeed touched you. (Surah Al-Anfal – Verses Nos. 67 - 68)

These verses were revealed as an admonition directed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his Companions because they accepted a ransom in return for freeing the polytheistic captives of the Battle of Badr.

 (6)

]يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاةَ أَزْوَاجِكَ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ * قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ مَوْلاَكُمْ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ [  

6- Meaning: O Prophet! Why do you ban (for yourself) that which Allah has made lawful to you, seeking to please your wives? And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (Surah At-Tahrim – Verse No. 1)

     This verse was revealed because the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) prohibited himself from drinking honey, seeking the pleasure of two of his wives `A’ishah and Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with them) who felt jealous of his other wife Zainab (may Allah be pleased with her) who offered him that honey.

( (7

]  عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى * أَنْ جَاءَهُ الأََعْمَى * وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّى * أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنْفَعَهُ الذِّكْرَى * أَمَّا مَنِ اسْتَغْنَ* فَأَنْتَ لَهُ تَصَدَّى * وَمَا عَلَيْكَ أَلاَّ يَزَّكَّى * وَأَمَّا مَنْ جَاءَكَ يَسْعَى * وَهُوَ يَخْشَى * فَأَنْتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّى * كَلاَّ إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ[

7- Meaning: He (The Prophet SAW) frowned and turned away, Because there came to him the blind man. But what could tell you that per chance he might become pure (from sins)? Or that he might receive admonition, and that the admonition might profit him? As for him who thinks himself self-sufficient, to him you attend; What does it matter to you if he will not become pure (from disbelief), you are only a Messenger, your duty is to convey the Message of Allah). But as to him who came to you running. And is afraid (of Allah and His Punishment), Of him you are neglectful and divert your attention to another, Nay, (do not do like this), indeed it (these Verses of this Qur'an) is an admonition. (Surah `Abasa – Verses Nos. 1 - 11)

      These verses were revealed to admonish the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) because he turned away from the blind man `Abdullah Ibn Umm Maktum, as he (the Prophet) was engaged in a conversation with some of the great figures of the Quraysh trying to get them to embrace Islam.

 ·        The Qur’anic declaration of what the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) kept secret:

]وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لاَ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولاً[

Meaning: And as you (Muhammad SAW) have said to him on whom Allah has (graciously) favored , “Retain your spouse to yourself, and be pious to Allah,” and you were concealing within yourself what Allah would display, and being apprehensive of people; and Allah truly has better right for you to be apprehensive of Him. So, as soon as Zayd had what he would of her, We espoused her to you so that there should not be any restriction for the believers concerning the spouses of their adopted sons, when they have accomplished what they would of them; and the command of Allah has been performed. (Surah An-Nur – Verses Nos. 11 - 17)

·        The Prophet Muhammad’s declaration that he did not possess knowledge of the unseen, except that which was revealed to him:

]قُلْ لاَ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي خَزَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَلاَ أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ وَلاَ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي مَلَكٌ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلاَّ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيَّ قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الأََعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ أَفَلاَ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ[

Meaning: Say (O Muhammad SAW): "I don't tell you that with me are the treasures of Allah, nor (that) I know the unseen; nor I tell you that I am an angel. I but follow what is revealed to me by inspiration." Say: "Are the blind and the one who sees equal? will you not then take thought?" (Surah Al-An`am – Verse No. 50)

 ]قُلْ لاَ أَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعًا وَلاَ ضَرًّا إِلاَّ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ لاَسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ السُّوءُ إِنْ أَنَا إِلاَّ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ[

Meaning: Say (O Muhammad SAW): "I possess no power of benefit or hurt to myself except as Allah wills. If I had the knowledge of the Ghayb (unseen), I should have secured for myself an abundance of wealth, and no evil should have touched me. I am but a warner, and a bringer of glad tidings unto people who believe." (Surah Al-A`raf – Verse No. 188)

 ]قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلاَ بِكُمْ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلاَّ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا إِلاَّ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ [

Meaning: “Say (O Muhammad SAW): "I am not a new thing among the Messengers (of Allah) nor do I know what will be done with me or with you. I only follow that which is revealed to me, and I am but a plain warner." (Surah Al-Ahqaf – Verse No. 9) 

  Ar-Rabi` (the daughter of Mu`awwidh Ibn `Afra’) narrated:

“After the consummation of my marriage, the Prophet came and sat on my bed as far from me as you are sitting now, and our little girls started beating the tambourines and reciting elegiac verses mourning my father who had been killed in the Battle of Badr. One of them said, ‘Among us is a Prophet who knows what will happen tomorrow.' On that the Prophet said, ‘Leave this (saying) and keep on saying the verses which you had been saying before.’" (Reported by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud)

 ·        The Prophet’s discretion in interpreting some verses, until revelation was sent down contradicting his opinion:

     An example of this is the Prophet’s insistence on offering funeral prayers for `Abdullah Ibn Ubay. But `Umar Ibn ul-Khattab said to him:
  “O Allah's Messenger, Will you offer the funeral prayer for him though Allah has forbidden you to offer the prayer for him." Allah's Messenger said, "But Allah has given me the choice by saying:

]اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لاَ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَاللَّهُ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ[

Meaning: Ask forgiveness for them, or do not ask forgiveness for them; in case you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, yet Allah will never forgive them; that (is) for that they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger; and Allah does not guide the immoral people. (Surah At-Tawbah – Verse No. 80)

So I will ask more than seventy times.”

However, Allah's Messenger did offer the funeral prayer for him. Whereupon, Allah revealed:

]وَلاَ تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلاَ تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ[َ

Meaning: And never (O Muhammad SAW) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave, surely they disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger and died while they were immoral. (Surah At-Tawbah – Verse No. 84)

So, the Prophet did not offer prayers for the hypocrites. (Reported by Al-Bukhari and Imam Muslim)

 2/3Regarding the Impossibility of the Prophet having Received the Revelation from a Human Instructor:

     If Muhammad (peace be upon him) supposedly, received the Holy Qur’an fro[1]m an instructor, we should then search for the instructor amongst human circles:

 ·        Among the pagans and the illiterates? But ignorance cannot be the source of knowledge.

 ·        From those who had knowledge amongst the People of the Scripture? Was there any one among them who would be suitable to give the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) such supreme knowledge? In addition to this, the Holy Qur’an corrected what they had changed [in their scriptures] and revealed what they had concealed:

 In the Holy Qur’an:

 ]يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تُحَاجُّونَ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَتِ التَّوْرَاةُ وَالإِِنْجِيلُ إِلاَّ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَفلاَ تَعْقِلُونَ[

Meaning: O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Why do you dispute about Ibrahim (Abraham), while the Tawrah (the Book revealed to Moses) and the Injeel (the Book revealed to Jesus) were not revealed until after him? Have you then no sense? (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 65)

 ]أَمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالأََسْبَاطَ كَانُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى قُلْ ءَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ كَتَمَ شَهَادَةً عِنْدَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ[

Meaning: Or say you that Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma'il (Ishmael), Ishaque (Isaac), Ya'qub (Jacob) and Al-Asbat [the twelve sons of Ya'qub (Jacob)] were Jews or Christians? Say, "Do you know better or does Allah (know better...; that they all were Muslims)? And who is more unjust than he who conceals the testimony (i.e. to believe in Prophet Muhammad SAW when he comes, as written in their Books), And Allah is not unaware of what you do." (Surah Al-Baqarah – Verse No. 140)

 ]كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلاًّ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلاَّ مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ[

Meaning: All food was lawful to the Children of Israel, except what Israel made unlawful for himself before the Tawrah (Torah) was revealed. Say (O Muhammad SAW): "Bring here the Tawrah (Torah) and recite it, if you are truthful. (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 93)

 ]إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًا وَهُدًى لِلْعَالَمِينَ[

Meaning: Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-'Alamin (the mankind and jinns). (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 96)

 ]لَقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الأََنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَنَقُولُ ذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ[

Meaning: Indeed, Allah has heard the statement of those (Jews) who say: "Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!" We shall record what they have said and their killing of the Prophets unjustly, and We shall say: "Taste you the torment of the burning (Fire). (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 181)

 ]وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنْفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا وَأَلْقَيْنَا بَيْنَهُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ كُلَّمَا أَوْقَدُوا نَارًا لِلْحَرْبِ أَطْفَأَهَا اللَّهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الأََرْضِ فَسَادًا وَاللَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ[

Meaning: The Jews say: "Allah's Hand is tied up (i.e. He does not give and spend of His Bounty)." Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for what they uttered. Nay, both His Hands are widely outstretched. He spends (of His Bounty) as He wills. Verily, the Revelation that has come to you from Allah increases in most of them their obstinate rebellion and disbelief. We have put enmity and hatred amongst them until the Day of Resurrection. Every time they kindled the fire of war, Allah extinguished it; and they (ever) strive to make mischief on earth. And Allah does not like the Mufsidun (mischief-makers). (Surah Al-Ma’idah – Verse No. 64)

 ]وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ[

Meaning: And the Jews say: 'Uzayr (Ezra) is the son of Allah, and the Christians say: Messiah (Jesus) is the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouths. They imitate the saying of the disbelievers of old. Allah's Curse be on them, how they are deluded away from the truth! (Surah At-Tawbah – Verse No. 30)

 ]وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ اللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ قُلْ فَلِمَ يُعَذِّبُكُمْ بِذُنُوبِكُمْ بَلْ أَنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ يَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ[

Meaning: And (both) the Jews and the Christians say: "We are the children of Allah and His loved ones." Say: "Why then does He punish you for your sins?" Nay, you are but human beings, of those He has created, He forgives whom He wills and He punishes whom He wills. And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, and to Him is the return (of all). (Surah Al-Ma’idah – Verse No. 18)

 ]لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَقَالَ الْمَسِيحُ يَابَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ *  لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلاَثَةٍ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِلاَّ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهُوا عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ لَيَمَسَّنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ[

Meaning: Surely, they have disbelieved who say: "Allah is the Messiah (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary)." But the Messiah (Jesus) said: "O Children of Israel! Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Verily, whosoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and the Fire will be his abode. And for the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong­doers) there are no helpers. Surely, disbelievers are those who said: "Allah is the third of the three (in a Trinity)." But there is no ilah (god) (none who has the right to be worshipped) but One Ilah (God - Allah). And if they cease not from what they say, verily, a painful torment will befall the disbelievers among them. (Surah Al-Ma’idah – Verses Nos. 72 - 73)

 ]قُلْ يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ ألاَّ نَعْبُدَ إلاَّ اللَّهَ ولاَ نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلاَ يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ[

Meaning: Say, “O People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), come to a level word between us and you, that we worship none except Allah, and that we do not associate anything with Him, and that some of us do not take to themselves others as lords, apart from Allah.” So, in case they turn away, then say, “Bear witness that we are Muslims.” (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 64)

 ]وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلاً إِذَا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ * وَقَالُوا أَآلِهَتُنَا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ مَا ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلاَّ جَدَلاً بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ[

Meaning: And when the son of Maryam (Mary) is quoted as an example, behold! Your people cry aloud (laugh out at the example). And say: "Are our aliha (gods) better or is he (Jesus)?" They quoted not the above example except for argument. Nay! But they are a quarrelsome people. (Surah Az-Zukhruf – Verses Nos. 57 - 58)

 ]فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الأََنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً * وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا * وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلاَّ اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا * بَلْ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْه ِوَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا * وَإِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلاَّ لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا * فَبِظُلْمٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ وَبِصَدِّهِمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا * وَأَخْذِهِمُ الرِّبَا وَقَدْ نُهُوا عَنْهُ وَأَكْلِهِمْ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا[

Meaning: Because of their breaking the covenant, and of their rejecting the Ayat (proofs, evidences, signs, etc.) of Allah, and of their killing the Prophets unjustly, and of their saying: "Our hearts are wrapped (with coverings, i.e. we do not understand what the Messengers say)" - nay, Allah has set a seal upon their hearts because of their disbelief, so they believe not but a little. And because of their (Jews) disbelief and uttering against Maryam (Mary) a grave false charge; And because of their saying (in boast), "We killed Messiah 'Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), the Messenger of Allah," - but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but the resemblance of 'Isa (Jesus) was put over another man (and they killed that man), and those who differ therein are full of doubts. They have no (certain) knowledge, they follow nothing but conjecture. For surely; they killed him not (Jesus); But Allah raised him up. And Allah is Ever All­-Powerful, All-Wise. And there is none of the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), but must believe in him (Jesus, as only a Messenger of Allah and a human being), before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection, he (Jesus) will be a witness against them. For the wrong­doing of the Jews, We made unlawful to them certain good foods which has been lawful to them, and for their hindering many from Allah's Way; And their taking of Riba (usury) though they were forbidden from taking it, and their devouring of men's substance wrongfully (bribery, etc.). And We have prepared for the disbelievers among them a painful torment. (Surah An-Nisa’ – Verses Nos. 155 - 161)

      Do all these facts imply that there were Jewish or Christian instructors from which the conveyer of the Holy Qur’an received knowledge? On the contrary, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the instructor who corrected their misconceptions and criticized their bad condition.

 ·        Was the knowledge of the People of the Scripture during the Prophet’s time available to those who were seeking knowledge? Or did their scholars keep it away and protect it even more than their own lives? And did they prevent even their own people from gaining such knowledge, so that they could keep their positions of leadership because they desired to obtain the position of prophethood for which they were waiting at the time?  

       Read the following clear verses:

 ]فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً فَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَهُمْ مِمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ[

Meaning: Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands and then say, "This is from Allah," to purchase with it a little price! Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for that they earn thereby. (Surah Al-Baqarah – Verse No. 79)

 ]وَإِنَّ مِنْهُمْ لَفَرِيقًا يَلْوُونَ أَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالْكِتَابِ لِتَحْسَبُوهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَا هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَيَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ[

Meaning: And verily, among them is a party who distort the Book with their tongues (as they read), so that you may think it is from the Book, but it is not from the Book, and they say: "This is from Allah," but it is not from Allah; and they speak a lie against Allah while they know it. (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 78)

 ]وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا وَعُلِّمْتُمْ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنْتُمْ وَلاَ ءَابَاؤُكُمْ قُلِ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ[

Meaning: They did not estimate Allah with an estimation due to Him when they said: "Nothing did Allah send down to any human being (by inspiration)." Say (O Muhammad SAW): "Who then sent down the Book which Musa (Moses) brought, a light and a guidance to mankind which you (the Jews) have made into (separate) paper sheets, disclosing (some of it) and concealing (much). And you were taught (through the Qur'an) that which neither you nor your fathers knew." Say: "Allah (sent it down)." Then leave them to play in their vain discussions. (Surah Al-An`am – Verse No. 91)

 ]كُلُّ الطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلاًّ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِلاَّ مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ[

Meaning: All food was lawful to the Children of Israel, except what Israel made unlawful for himself before the Tawrah (Torah) was revealed. Say (O Muhammad SAW): "Bring here the Tawrah (Torah) and recite it, if you are truthful. (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 93)

 ]يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تَلْبِسُونَ الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُونَ الْحَقَّ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ[

Meaning: O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians): "Why do you mix truth with falsehood and conceal the truth while you know? (Surah Al-`Imran – Verse No. 71)

 ]يَاأَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا كُنْتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَابٌ مُبِينٌ[

Meaning: O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Now has come to you Our Messenger (Muhammad SAW) explaining to you much of that which you used to hide from the Scripture and passing over much. Indeed, there has come to you from Allah a light and a plain Book (this Qur'an). (Surah Al-Ma’idah – Verse No. 15)

 ·        Those who claim that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had a human instructor should respond to these questions: What was his name? Who saw and listened to him? What did he know? When and where did this occur?      Do you know who is the person who is claimed to have taught the Prophet the inimitable Arabic Qur’an, the book that revealed and corrected the changes made by the People of the Scriptures and the misguidance of the polytheists, and presented knowledge and concepts that preceded those known by mankind for many centuries? This instructor is claimed to be a non-Arab (Roman) blacksmith who was living in Mecca:

] وَلَقَدْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُهُ بَشَرٌ لِسَانُ الَّذِي يُلْحِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَعْجَمِيٌّ وَهَذَا لِسَانٌ عَرَبِيٌّ مُبِينُ[

Meaning: And indeed We know that they say: "It is only a human being who teaches him (Muhammad SAW)." The tongue of the man they refer to is foreign, while this (the Qur'an) is a clear Arabic tongue. (Surah An-Nahl – Verse No. 103)

  Indeed, those who are studying this matter seriously cannot avoid the absurdity of this argument.